Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Micro-Organisms Regulate the Pancreatic FFA2-Akt/PI3K Signaling Pathway in a Diabetic Rat Model Affected by Pumpkin Oligosaccharides

Herein, we applied the Illumina MiSeq pyrosequencing platform to amplify V3–V4 hypervariable regions of 16 S rRNA gene gut microbiota (GM) and a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer detect metabolites after supplementation with pumpkin oligosaccharides (POSs) determine metabolic markers mechanisms in rats type 2 diabetes (T2D). The POSs alleviated glucolipid metabolism by decreasing serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), glucose levels. These responses were supported shift microbiota, especially butyric-acid-producing communities. Meanwhile, elevated short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), isovaleric acid, butyric levels observed POSs. Additionally, this work demonstrated that could reduce TNF-α IL-6 secretion via FFA2-Akt/PI3K pathway pancreas. results suggested T2D changing SCFA-producing SCFA receptor pathways.